Self-Government

Self-government was a topic of modern progressive education. We borrow the meanings of the concept from Michel Foucault's theory of governmentality. The government of the self was part of the ways in which power was conceived in modern Western nations. Power was dependent on the knowledge of the subjects to be governed, and their souls. Governmentality as the conduct of the conduct is the best expression to understand the politics of one's own government. It promotes a relation of the subject with themselves, in such a way that the care of the self and the conduct of the self become inseparable. In his text Technologies of the Self, Foucault explains that these are those "which permit individuals to effect by their own means or with the help of others a certain number of operations on their own bodies and souls, thoughts, conduct, and way of being, so as to transform themselves in order to attain a certain state of happiness, purity, wisdom, perfection, or immortality." As such, the practices or technologies of self-government show us how power and knowledge were conceived not in opposition, but entangled, with the sense of autonomy, freedom, choice and self-improvement.

2023 - Making Creative and Entrepreneurial Selves in Education: The Governing of Life in Contemporary Time (Cat Martins)

Submitted by csmartins on Fri, 05/26/2023 - 17:27

The text problematizes the making of the student as a creative and entrepreneurial subject in contemporary times. It argues that creativity is being instrumentalized as a technology of government. In a way, it takes governmentality as a way to analyze how this fabrication of a human kind is inscribed in older technologies for the government of the subject since modernity, particularly through the reactivation of a pastoral and confessional power.

1948 - Art and the Child (Marion Richardson)

Submitted by csmartins on Thu, 02/13/2020 - 09:36

Marion Richardson was an English art teacher whose work became well-known close to the names of Franz Cizek or Victor Lowenfeld. In the United Kingdom, Roger Fry often referred to the importance of Marion Richardson's work at the Dudley High School for progressive arts education practices, as Richardson refers to Fry's Omega Workshops. This book contains the memories of Richardson as a teacher and her views on child art. Richardson believed children were creative and had to be taught to trust their inner eye.

1936 - Child Art and Franz Cizek (Wilhelm Viola)

Submitted by csmartins on Tue, 12/10/2019 - 13:14

This book was published in 1936 by Wilhelm Viola and contains a forward by R. R. Tomlinson, author of the book Children as Artists. Viola was one of the voices that most spread Cizek's work in the English-speaking world. In this book, he began by explaining what could be understood by child art. 

1897-1938 - Juvenile Art Class (Franz Cizek)

Submitted by csmartins on Thu, 11/14/2019 - 11:51

The Juvenile Art Classes opened in 1897 in Austria and lasted until the 1930s. The program of the classes was: "Let the children grow, develop and mature". Through William Viola's books on Cizek's methods, we learn about his practices and praise of what he considered the natural creative child. Just for the 'slogan' of the classes, we can see how the gardening practices of education informed his thought. Cizek was a traveling author through the works of art educators like Marion Richardson, R. R. Tomlinson, and Herbert Read.